COURSE SYLLABUS

Professors Name and Contact Information

Dr. Marcia Bradley  (732) 255-0400 X2258 

Professor Christine Spencer (732) 255-0400 X2444

Hiering Science Building, Toms River Campus, Room 133

Course Title and Number

Anatomy and Physiology II, Biol 131 DL

    

Course Description

Building on Anatomy and Physiology I, this course examines major parts of the body and how they work independently as well as together. Anatomy and Physiology II will begin with the Autonomic Nervous System, and work through the Endocrine, Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary,  and Reproductive Systems. There is also a review of Anatomy and Physiology I, Metabolism, Water Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance.

The course is divided into system topics.  Following each topic, a quiz will be given to assure your understanding of the material. Quizzes are 10% of your grade. After 3 to 4 topics an exam will be given. Each exam will be worth 10% of your final grade. (4 exams will total 40%).

 In addition to each topic exam you will be responsible for (1) laboratory exam. This exam will be taken toward the end of the semester. The Laboratory exam is worth 20%  and Laboratory Reports 15%. 

The remainder of your grade will be assigned Writing Assignments worth 15%.

Semester

Summer 2008

Office Location

OceanCounty College, Toms River, New Jersey Campus

HeiringScience Building, Room 133

Required Text and other Material:

Instructors can choose any of the following textbooks to accompany this course:

Course Objectives

Anatomy and Physiology II will continue the process of describing individual systems, their organs, structures the mechanisms they use to function and the integration of these functions into the whole organism.

·        Explain how the remaining body systems are structured and how they help the body maintain homeostasis.

·        Identify the major parts of the body and explain the function of each.

·        Describe how each organ system interacts with other systems in the body.

·        Describe how the organ systems work together as an integrated whole.

·        Name several diseases and disorders of the body and explain what causes them.

·        Explain how diseases and disorders of the body are detected and treated

.

Course Prerequisites

The successful completion of Anatomy and Physiology I with a grade of ‘C’ or better.



Course Standards

Examinations: Examination format will include multiple choice, true/false, and fill in answer questions which will test your knowledge of material presented in lecture, readings, and research. Each question, no matter which format, will be weighted the same. The four Exams will constitute 40% of your final grade.

Writing Assignments: Each topic will have, as part of its requirements, short papers and web-based research writing assignments. These activities will require you to extend your knowledge beyond the ‘walls’ of the virtual classroom through wed-based research and critical analysis. These writing assignments will address issues that are designed to provide the learner with a deeper understanding of the topic at hand. Interactive learning and cooperation are critical to the success of these activities. A more detailed description of these activities (as well as scoring rubrics for them) will be presented in the Course Information Folder. These activities will constitute 15% of your final grade.

Laboratory Requirements:  The laboratory component of this course has specific requirements, as the laboratory exercises will be performed in your home and in a virtual environment. First, it is important to maintain a clean, safe working environment; therefore the following safety rules must be observed:

  1. Hand washing and other hygienic methods must be employed to ensure that there is no contamination to each other or to the specimens.
  2. Microscopes must be cleaned before they are put away.
  3. All waste must be disposed of in the appropriate receptacles in your home.
  4. The laboratory area in your home must be cleaned and all instruments returned to their appropriate storage containers.

The academic requirements of the laboratory are the following::
One Laboratory Examination, will constitute 20% of final grade, and Laboratory Reports 15%: based upon exercises completed in the laboratory manual and submitted.

Attendance Policy

 Attendance is crucial to the success of a course that is taught on line.  Attendance in the context of this course does not simply mean logging on for a certain amount of time each day.  In fact, attendance and participation are so closely related in this course that your interaction with your fellow learners (threaded discussions or any other web based interactive activity) will be graded in lieu of the time that you actually spend in our learning environment.  Specific rubrics for attendance/participation will be given to you in the introductory topic of this course.  Anyone who withdraws from this class must acquire the appropriate paperwork from the Registrar’s Office to “officially withdraw”.  Non-attendance does not count as an official withdrawal and will result in a grade of “F” for this course

Suggested Course Breakdown

Quizzes

10%

Exam I (Topics 1,2,4)

10%

Exam II (Topics 5,6,7,8)

10%

Exam III (Topics 9,10,11)

10%

Exam IV  (Topics 12,13,14,15)

10%

Laboratory Exam

20%

Laboratory Reports

15%

Writing Assignments

15%

Suggested Course Evaluation Criteria

At the end of each course, each student is assigned a final grade as follows:

Grade

Quality Points

Point Range

Interpretation

A

4.0

90-100

Excellent

B+

3.5

87-89

Very Good

B

3.0

80-86

Good

C+

2.5

77-79

Above average

C

2.0

70-76

Average

D

1.0

60-69

Below Average

F

0.0

59 & below

Failure

I

0.0

Incomplete

Detailed Course Schedule

See the File “Course Schedule”

Course Topics and Objectives

Topics

Topic

Subtopics

Objectives

1

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 
  • ANS at a Glance
  • Anatomy of the ANS   
  • Anatomy of the PNS
  • Physiology of the ANS
  • Regulation
  • Explain how homeostasis is maintained by the autonomic nervous system (ANS).    
  • Describe the ANS and its nerve pathways.
  • Compare the parasympathetic with the sympathetic nervous system.
  • Describe the physiology of the ANS.    
  • Describe how the ANS is regulated by the brain.

2

Endocrine System 
  • Hormones and Their Actions
  • Hypothalamus and Pituitary Glands
  • Chemistry of Hormones    
  • Disease and Medicine
  • Comparison of the Nervous System vs. Endocrine System
  • Describe the general functions of hormones.
  • Describe how hormones act on other system activity.    
  • Explain how negative feedback systems control hormonal secretion.  
  • Describe the anatomy and general functions of the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas glands as well as the gonads.    
  • Identify organs affected by pituitary gland secretions.  
  • Identify the hormones' chemical classes.
  • List several hormonal disorders and their symptoms.

3

Review of Anatomy and Physiology I

For Your Reference
  • Support and Movement
  • Integration and Control
  • Organization of the Body
  • System Interconnections
  • Describe the interactions among the following organ systems: skeletal, muscular, nervous, somatic, and endocrine.
  • Identify the hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis and describe the functions of each.
  • Name the somatic and special senses and describe the components of each sense.
  • Explain why homeostasis is essential for the body's survival.
  • Identify several types of joint movements.
  • Explain how neurons and neurological cells are classified.

4

Blood
  • Functions and Components of Blood
  • Hemostasis
  • Blood Types
  • Diseases and Disorders of the Blood
  • Identify the components of blood: formed elements and fluid portions.
  • Describe the structure and function of the three major formed elements, RBC, Platelets and WBC’s.
  • Describe what is entailed in a Complete Blood Count and differential.
  • Explain how unwanted clots can be prevented.
  • Explain how diseases and disorders of the blood are detected and treated.
  • Describe the transport, protection, and regulation functions of blood.
  • List the four ABO blood types. List the preferred and permissible blood type donor(s) for each of the four ABO blood types, and Rh factors.
  • Explain when and why RhoGAM would be used in reference to blood types and pregnancies.
  • List the steps of Hemostasis.
  • Name several diseases and disorders of the blood and explain what causes them. Explain how diseases and disorders of the blood are detected and treated.

5

The Heart: Part I
  • Overview of the Heart
  • Cardiac Muscles and the Conduction System
  • Identify the chambers, valves, major blood vessels of the heart.
  • Systemic Circuit vs. Pulmonary Circuit.
  • Describe the layers of the heart wall.
  • List the flow of blood through the heart.
  • Identify the Coronary Circulation of the heart.
  • Describe the major functions of the heart.
  • Explain what an Electrocardiogram (ECG) measures.
  • Explain how the heart helps the body maintain homeostasis.
  • Compare and contrast cardiac and skeletal muscle.
  • Differentiate between normal and abnormal ECG results.

6

The Heart: Part II
  • The Cardiac Cycle
  • Heart Sounds and Cardiac Output
  • Diseases and Disorders of the Heart
  • System Interconnections
  • List the components of the Cardiac Conduction System.
  • Name several diseases and disorders of the heart and explain what causes them.
  • Explain how diseases and disorders of the heart are detected and treated.
  • Discuss how the principles of pressure, flow, and volume can be applied to the cardiac cycle.
  • Explain how exercise affects cardiac output.
  • Describe the interactions between the heart and other organ systems.

7

Circulation
  • Functions and Features of Blood Vessels
  • Blood Pressure
  • Paths of Circulation
  • Diseases and Disorders of Blood Vessels
  • List the three major types of blood vessels and functions.
  • Explain the difference between the artery and vein wall layers. And understanding the reasoning of their anatomy in reference to pressure.
  • Describe the correlation between blood pressure, resistance, and flow.
  • Explain how blood pressure helps the body maintain homeostasis.
  • Explain how diseases and disorders of the blood vessels are detected and treated.
  • Name several diseases and disorders of the blood vessels and explain what causes them.
  • Trace the route of blood flow through the body. Describe how capillaries exchange fluids.

8

Lymphatic and Immune Systems
  • Overview of the Lymphatic System
  • Immunity
  • Diseases and Disorders of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
  • System Interconnections
  • Describe the three major functions of the lymphatic system.
  • Describe the vessels, cells and organs of the Lymphatic System.
  • How is Lymph fluid produces and it’s importance to the body.
  • Describe the three lines of defense the body has against pathogens.
  • Explain how diseases and disorders of the lymphatic and immune systems are detected and treated. .
  • Explain the nonspecific and specific immunity defenses and the differences between each.
  • List the four characteristics of inflammation.
  • Name several diseases and disorders of the lymphatic and immune systems and explain what causes them.
  • Describe the interactions between the lymphatic and immune systems and other organ systems.

9

Respiratory System
  • Functions and Components of the Respiratory System
  • Respiration
  • Diseases and Disorders of the Respiratory System
  • System Interconnections
  • Describe the anatomy and function of the major organs of the respiratory system.
  • Describe the five major functions of the respiratory system.
  • Describe the four major  types of respiration.
  • Explain the mechanics of ventilation in reguards to pressure and flow (Boyles Law).
  • List the measurements of ventilation.
  • Explain Neural control of ventilation: medulla, pons and motor cortex.
  • Explain Alveolar gas exchange: oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.
  • Explain chloride shift,
  • Name several diseases and disorders of the respiratory system and explain what causes them.
  • Explain how the respiratory system helps the body maintain homeostasis.
  • Explain how diseases and disorders of the respiratory system are detected and treated.
  • Describe the interactions between the respiratory system and other organ systems.

10

Digestive System
  • Functions and Components of the Digestive System
  • Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
  • Diseases and Disorders of the Digestive System
  • System Interconnections
  • Explain the major functions of the digestive system.
  • Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion.
  • Identify the eight major organs and the five accessory organs of the digestive system and explain their anatomy and role in the digestion process.
  • Explain how the body digests, absorbs, and transports food.
  • Name several diseases and disorders of the digestive system and explain what causes them. .
  • Describe the interactions between the digestive system and other organ systems.

11

Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Nutrition & Diet
  • Metabolism
  • Body Temperature Regulation
  • Eating Diseases and Disorders
  • Explain what causes the body to gain or lose weight.
  • Name several eating diseases and disorders and explain what causes them.
  • Describe the basic process of METABOLISM.

12

Urinary System
  • Functions and Components of the Urinary System
  • Urine Formation and Elimination
  • Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System
  • System Interconnections
  • Describe the anatomy and list several functions of the kidneys and their nephrons.
  • Describe what a nitrogenous waste is and list several as examples.
  • List the flow of fluid through the kidney beginning with the glomerular capsule and ending with the urethra.
  • Name the blood and nerve supply to the kidney.
  • List and explain the 3 stages in urine formation.
  • List at least 4 hormones that have a role in urine formation.
  • Define and understand the following: filtration pressure and glomerular filtration rate.
  • Describe the micturition reflex.
  • Explain how diseases and disorders of the urinary system are detected and treated.
  • Explain how the urinary system helps the body maintain homeostasis.
  • Describe what a urinalysis is and the tests involved.
  • Urine Storage and Elimination: Describe the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
  • Describe the interactions between the urinary system and other organ systems.

13

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
  • Overview
  • Water Balance
  • Electrolyte Balance
  • Acid-Base Balance
  • Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Disorders
  • Explain how the body regulates water intake and output.
  • Explain how the body obtains and loses electrolytes.
  • Describe the three mechanisms the body uses to maintain a stable pH.
  • Name several water, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders and imbalances and explain what causes them. Explain how water, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders and imbalances are detected and treated.
  • Explain how body fluids help the body maintain homeostasis
  • Explain how a water balance exists in the body.

14

Reproductive Systems
  • Male Reproductive System
  • Female Reproductive System
  • Diseases of the Reproductive System
  • System Interconnections
  • Identify the eight major organs of the male reproductive system and explain the function of each.
  • Describe the interactions between the reproductive system and other organ systems.
  • Describe how sperm cells are formed.
  • Explain how the secretion of male sex hormones is regulated.
  • Describe how eggs are formed.
  • Explain how the secretion of female sex hormones is regulated.
  • Describe the major events that occur during the female reproductive cycle.

General Course Policy Statements

It is my responsibility as the instructor to create an environment that is conducive to learning.  Please do not conduct personal business during class – (in threaded discussions or in the interactive area of this course; this includes all types of personal conversations).

Academic Dishonesty: Dishonesty includes, but is not limited to plagiarism, cribbing and cheating on examinations, quizzes, class writing assignments or papers.  Any student aiding another student in any form of dishonesty is considered equally guilty” (OCC Student Handbook, pg. 35).  Cheating is not acceptable and will result in a grade of 0 for that examination and will be turned over to the appropriate College source for disciplinary action.  Please review policy #5180 in the student handbook for the penalties associated with plagiarism and cheating.

Campus Resources and Services:   Student Success Seminars are scheduled each week and are posted on the College website under “Campus Resources and Services.”  More information on College Services can be found by using the A-Z index on the College website (for example, under “T” for tutoring, “C” Career Services, etc.).

Statement of Accommodations: If there is any student in this class who has special needs because of learning disabilities or other kinds of disabilities, please feel free to come and discuss this with me or a staff member for Disability Services.

Disclaimer: Reasonable changes to this course outline may be made exclusive of course requirements, course calendar, and grading procedures.

How to Study Anatomy and Physiology

1.      The study of Anatomy and Physiology cannot be done casually.  A reasonable amount of time is required to study and understand, so manage your time wisely and plan ahead for adequate study time.  Since there is much material to go through in 15 weeks, it is essential that you keep up.

2.      Read the appropriate chapter in the text book on a weekly basis.  You will be able to understand the lectures more readily, and question those concepts that you do not understand.

3.      The text book offers assistance to the student in the study process - discussed above.

4.      Do the work indicated on the Course Schedule.  Study the examples given in the book.  This will help make problem solving almost second nature.  Trying to figure out how to solve a problem on the test is not the time.

5.      Study in virtual groups (discussion board, group projects, chat rooms, telephone conference, etc.) if possible.  Sometimes a group discussion with you peers will help in understanding a concept or problem.

6.      Ask questions.  There is no such thing as a stupid question; there are only uninformed people.  Keep in mind if you have a question, many in the class will probably have the same question.

7.      The concepts in Anatomy and Physiology I will be used extensively in this course.  It is also important to recall these concepts thoroughly up front as you will need to know them later on.

8.      The concepts are cumulative, and although you may be doing a different type of problem in a later chapter, you may have to recall concepts from an earlier chapter.